1. Axial force. The tie rod is applied to the axial tension of the spring chuck. In the use of spring chucks, the axial force tension can be applied in different ways, but the principle of action is basically the same. It is clear that a large axial pull will create a large clamping force and vice versa. Generally, the axial tension of the tie rod can be adjusted by the operator.
2. In the use of spring chuck, the size of the designed locking angle (or head inclination) will determine the index that can be achieved after the clamping force is expanded, usually determined by the machine tool manufacturer and the spring chuck manufacturer. While new designs for the chuck are still being explored, the designers recommend that users use the existing chuck structure for economic and reliability reasons. The standard taper (or head inclination) has been determined at design time depending on the type of machine (e.g. lathe, etc.), the conditions of use (dynamic vs. static) and the purpose (workpiece vs. tool).
3. The total friction between the workpiece (or tool) and the spring chuck will directly affect the clamping force. Small friction values will result in small clamping forces and vice versa. Spring chuck suppliers can take various measures to overcome the relative rotation or axial channeling between the spring chuck and the workpiece (or tool), such as the inner hole of the spring chuck intentionally creating a serrated shape or impregnating the carbide micrograins on the clamping surface.
4. The spindle cone and the spring chuck generate friction at the locking angle. Its friction also directly affects the clamping force of the spring chuck on the workpiece. The friction force is too small, the clamping force is not enough, and the clamping force is too large, which will accelerate the wear of the spring chuck. In use, the spring chuck should be loosened frequently to perform workpiece exchange, for example in turning machining centers, and a thin layer of lubricant should be sprayed on the surface of the inner bore of the spring chuck when loosened. It is better to use coolant lubrication when conditional, because the coolant provides a flushable spring chuck and has a good lubricity effect. In particular, regular application of coolant at the locking angle reduces long-term wear and increases clamping forces. Some more lubricating materials can also be used, including high-quality grease oils or wax-based materials with EP (Pressure Limit) properties.
5. Choosing the right nominal diameter size of the spring chuck to ensure that the complete support of the spring chuck to the workpiece is a necessary condition for increasing the clamping force and reliable clamping to ensure high-quality processing. If the nominal hole diameter of the spring chuck is selected too large, the workpiece is only clamped by the orifice part of the spring chuck, which will cause a mismatch in the geometry between the outer circle of the workpiece and the inner hole of the spring chuck, thereby reducing the clamping force. If the nominal hole diameter of the chuck is selected too small, only the inside of the head inclination angle is in contact with the workpiece, relatively speaking, the clamping force increases, but it causes a different heart problem between the chuck and the workpiece. In a nominal size, it can clamp and position workpieces of the same nominal diameter.